Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) has transformed the way we power and connect IP cameras. This technology enables the transmission of both electrical power and data signals over a single Ethernet cable, eliminating the need for separate power supplies and cables. PoE has seen widespread adoption among IP camera systems and security deployments due to its cost effectiveness, streamlined setup and reduced complexity.
In this guide, we provide an overview of how PoE cameras work, the technology behind PoE, when to use it, PoE standards, and practical considerations.
Verkada leverages Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) to provide seamless power and connectivity for many of its leading physical security devices. By using PoE, Verkada simplifies installation and helps make it easier to connect security solutions to the cloud.
Schedule a personalized demo to see Verkada in action.
What is PoE and How Does It Work?
Before the advent of PoE, devices connecting to an internet or LAN network usually needed two separate cables for operation: one for data transmission via Ethernet and another for the electrical power supply.
PoE is a technology designed to utilize a single wired Ethernet cable for both data and power delivery to a device. This consolidated approach reduces the infrastructure complexity an organization needs to oversee, as it eliminates the necessity for two distinct cables, streamlining the setup considerably.
PoE operates by sending direct current (DC) electrical power and data signals over standard Cat5e or Cat6 Ethernet cables. This is achieved through the use of a PoE injector or PoE switch, which injects power alongside the data signal so that a compatible PoE-enabled device, such as a security camera, can receive and use the power. With PoE, you only need one Ethernet cable for both data and power. This reduces cable clutter and streamlines installation and reduces cost.
Benefits of PoE Security Cameras
Enhanced Flexibility and Expanded Camera Placement Possibilities
- With PoE cameras drawing power through the Ethernet cable, proximity to electrical outlets becomes less important. This allows for a wider array of camera placement options as cameras are no longer tethered to electrical sources. Additionally, relocating or repositioning cameras is a straightforward process, requiring only the adjustment of the Ethernet cable.
Reduced Installation Costs
- PoE camera installations only require one cable and can be completed by almost anyone, eliminating the need for expensive electrical work.
Improved Scalability
- Compared to traditional power-wired cameras, PoE cameras offer more straightforward scalability. Expanding your security camera network can be done simply by incorporating additional network connections.
Reliable Power Management
- With PoE, you benefit from a unified and centralized power source, eliminating the need for various wall adapters. Additionally, you have the option to establish an uninterruptible power source (UPS) for your PoE switch, guaranteeing continuous camera operation, even in the event of a power outage.
Enhanced System Safety
- When utilizing high-quality components, PoE is engineered for secure and efficient power delivery. PoE devices maintain consistent power levels throughout the product’s lifespan to prevent overload or under-powering. Advanced PoE solutions incorporate protective mechanisms against short circuits and excessive current, rendering them safer than conventional outlet-powered systems.
Disadvantages of PoE
Limited Range
- PoE relies on Cat5e or Cat6 Ethernet cables, which have a maximum range of around 100 meters. This can present challenges in deployments where devices are located farther from the central PSE.
Fixed Power Supply
- The power delivered by PoE is capped by the standard, with traditional PoE providing up to 15.4 watts. For devices that require more power, you’ll need to use higher-end PoE++ switches or injectors, which can increase the cost of deployment.
Infrastructure Modernization
- In buildings with older security systems, such as those relying on analog coaxial cables, the existing IT infrastructure may need significant upgrades or replacement to support PoE devices.
Key PoE Terminology
PoE (Power over Ethernet): A technology that allows Ethernet cables to carry both data and electrical power to devices like security cameras, eliminating the need for separate power cables.
PoE Injector: A device that adds power to a regular Ethernet cable, allowing it to deliver both data and power to a connected device (like a security camera). This is useful when a network switch does not have PoE support.
PoE Switch: A network switch that has built-in PoE support, allowing it to deliver both data and power to connected devices over Ethernet cables.
Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE): Devices like switches, midspans, and NVRs that provide power to connected devices.
Powered Device (PD): Devices such as IP cameras, access points, and controllers that receive power from PSEs.
PoE Splitter: A device that allows a non-PoE camera (or another device) to be powered via an Ethernet cable by splitting the power and data into separate lines.
Ethernet Cable (Cat5e/Cat6): The type of cable used to transmit both data and power for PoE. Cat5e and Cat6 cables are commonly used for PoE applications, with Cat6 supporting higher data speeds and more power delivery.
PoE Standards
PoE adheres to IEEE standards, which include:
PoE (802.3af): Provides up to 15.4 watts of power to devices.
PoE+ (802.3at): Offers up to 30 watts of power, suitable for devices with higher power requirements.
PoE++ (802.3bt): Provides up to 60 or 100 watts of power, ideal for power-hungry devices like PTZ cameras or access points.
PoE Negotiation
When a PD connects to a PSE, a quick negotiation process takes place to determine the correct voltage, wattage, and class. PoE power remains inactive until a connected device actively requests it. Consequently, a cable linked to a PSE remains non-electrified until it is connected to a PoE-enabled device. This ensures safety and eliminates any risk of incidental contact leading to electrical hazards.
Additional PoE Considerations
Power Budget
- Ensure your PoE switch or injector has an adequate power budget to support the connected devices. Cameras with higher power requirements will need switches that can deliver PoE+ or PoE++.
Cable Length
- PoE has distance limitations of 100 meters (328 feet). Ensure your cable lengths don’t exceed this limit to maintain connection reliability.
Device Compatibility
- Not all cameras support PoE. Verify that your security cameras are PoE-enabled before purchasing a PoE switch or injector.
Network Load
- Consider the total power draw on your network. Overloading a PoE switch can lead to performance issues.
Redundancy Planning
- For critical applications, consider redundancy options to ensure continuous power in case of switch or injector failures.
Why Verkada’s Unified PoE Security Systems
Ready to elevate your security infrastructure with the latest in AI-powered PoE security devices?
Verkada offers a comprehensive, scalable, and cloud-managed platform that seamlessly integrates cameras, alarms, access control, and more. With Verkada’s cutting-edge solutions, you’ll experience enhanced security, simplified management, and seamless scalability— all powered by PoE for a streamlined installation and reliable performance. And with PoE, trying a security device first hand has never been easier — all you need is a camera and a PoE injector to get started.
Schedule a demo or start a free trial today to see how Verkada can transform your security system.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Does a PoE camera need internet?
- No, a PoE camera does not need an internet connection to function. It can operate on a local network for recording and monitoring. However, internet access is required for remote viewing and cloud-based storage.
Will any PoE camera work with any DVR?
- Not necessarily. PoE cameras typically work with NVRs (Network Video Recorders) rather than DVRs (Digital Video Recorders). Ensure that your PoE camera is compatible with the NVR you plan to use.
Do PoE cameras use a lot of electricity?
- No, PoE cameras are energy-efficient. A typical PoE camera consumes between 4W to 15W, depending on features such as night vision and motorized zoom.
Are PoE security cameras better?
- Yes, PoE (Power over Ethernet) security cameras are generally better than other types of security cameras because they are easier to install, more reliable, and offer better video quality.
Does PoE slow down the internet?
- No, PoE itself does not slow down internet speeds. However, if multiple high-resolution PoE cameras are streaming video on the same network, they may consume bandwidth, which can impact overall network performance if not properly managed.
Will any PoE camera work with any DVR?
No, PoE cameras are designed to work with NVRs (Network Video Recorders), not traditional DVRs.
Ensure your PoE camera is compatible with your security system before purchasing.
Do I need a power supply for a PoE camera?
- No, PoE cameras receive power through the Ethernet cable from a PoE switch or injector, eliminating the need for a separate power supply.
Why are PoE cameras more expensive?
- PoE cameras are often more expensive because they include built-in network and power management capabilities, require higher-quality components, and offer better reliability and scalability than traditional cameras.
How long can you run a PoE camera?
- PoE cameras can be run up to 100 meters (328 feet) from the PoE switch or injector using standard Ethernet cables. If longer distances are required, PoE extenders or fiber optic solutions can be used.
Will PoE work with outdoor security cameras?
- Yes, PoE can supply power and connectivity to both indoor and outdoor cameras.